![]() Intermolecular forces is a general term describing the fact that all atoms, and molecules share a certain inherent attraction for each other. The amount of kinetic energy that a particle has is a direct function of temperature, and it is the kinetic energy of the water molecules under different conditions that determines the different properties of the three states of water.Ītoms and molecules move in different ways under different conditions because of the forces attracting them to each other, called intermolecular forces. The energy associated with this motion is termed kinetic energy. ![]() ![]() The word kinetic refers to motion and the kinetic molecular theory suggests that atoms and molecules are always in motion. In chemistry, we often explain the states of matter in terms of the kinetic molecular theory (KMT). If ice, liquid water and water vapor all consist of identical molecules, then what accounts for the difference in their properties? So far, we have talked about molecules as if they were standing still, but in fact, they are always moving. We will discuss density in more detail in the next section, but first let’s examine the states of matter and how they differ on an atomic level. Other physical properties include appearance (shiny, dull, smooth, rough), odor, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, hardness and density, to name just a few. States of matter are examples of physical properties of a substance. These three forms of water represent the three states of matter: solids, liquids and gases. As the temperature increases, water exists as a liquid, and at high temperature, as water vapor, a gas. At low temperature, water exists as a solid (ice). All water molecules are exactly the same (same ratio of elements, same geometric bonding pattern), but we encounter water in three different forms in the world around us. \)Īs described in Section 2.1, a molecule of water is composed of two atoms of hydrogen bonded to one atom of oxygen(H 2O). ![]()
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